State of New York- Department of Agriculture
The
Apples of New York
[Apples starting with "O", "P" or "Q" -ASC]
OCCIDENT.
REFERENCES. 1. Goff, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 2:35. 1883. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 3. Beach, W.N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1896:52. 4. Beach and Clark,
N.Y. Sta. Bul., 248:135. 1904.
This fruit is of the Yellow Bellflower type, attractive bright yellow, excellent in quality and a remarkably good keeper. The tree is a little slow in coming into bearing but it is a strong grower, a reliable cropper and very productive. The fruit hangs well to the tree. As grown here it is not large. It
sometimes averages above medium and sometimes below medium size. Usually it is pretty uniform for the crop both in size and shape. Apparently it would
be a desirable variety for commercial planting in New York were it not somewhat deficient in size.
Historical. Originated by L. J. Fish, Martinez, California. Said to be a seedling of Yellow Bellflower. Scions of it were received in 1883 from Ellwanger and Barry for testing at this Station. It was being then regarded as
one of the promising new varieties.
Fruit
Fruit above medium to below medium. Form roundish oblate to roundish
conic, often faintly ribbed. Stem long, stout. Cavity rather large, acuminate
to acute, deep and moderately broad, sometimes russeted. Calyx closed or somewhat open; lobes long, acuminate, reflexed. Basin small to medium,
shallow, medium in width to narrow, often abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin smooth, clear yellow often with a shade of brownish-red, sometimes blushed with bright red. Dots numerous, light or russet.
Calyx tube rather narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median to basal.
Core large, usually abaxile; cells usually wide open as in Yellow Bellflower;
core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels large, broadly roundish, tufted,
slightly emarginate. Seeds long, acute, tufted.
Flesh whitish or slightly tinged with yellow, firm, fine-grained, rather tender,
crisp, juicy, sprightly, rich subacid, very good.
Season January to May; usual commercial limit in cellar storage, March or April (4).
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous.
Form rather spreading, not dense.
Twigs medium length, curved, rather stout.
Bark olive-green with some reddish-brown, thinly streaked and mottled with gray scarf-skin.
Lenticels scattering, conspicuous, large, usually round, becoming laterally compressed.
Buds medium to small, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
[Diseases: Moderately resistant to the major diseases (Burford).]
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large.
Form roundish oblate, often obscurely ribbed.
Stem (Pedicel) medium to rather short, rather thick.
Cavity rather large, acute, deep, pretty symmetrical, more of less russeted, the russet sometimes outspreading over the base.
Calyx medium or above, closed or slightly open; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute.
Basin rather small, medium in depth, narrow to moderately wide, somewhat abrupt, rather symmetrical.
Skin pale yellow to deep yellow almost entirely overspread with bright red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with carmine.
Dots moderately numerous, small to medium, areolar with russet center or grayish.
Calyx tube moderately short, conical.
Stamens basal to nearly median.
Core small, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, not uniformly developed, nearly closed to somewhat open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping.
Carpels roundish, rather flat, tufted.
Seeds medium size, moderately long, plump, acute, tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, agreeable subacid, aromatic, good to very good.
Season October to November. [Only fair keeper when grown in the South (Burford).]
TREE.
Tree rather vigorous.
Form open, somewhat roundish or spreading and inclined to droop.
Twigs short, straight, stout; internodes short.
Bark dark dull brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips.
Lenticels scattering, medium to below, oblong, not raised.
Buds very deeply set in the bark, medium size, flat, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to medium.
Form oblate conic to roundish oblate, rather irregular in shape being often somewhat elliptical or obscurely ribbed.
Stem (Pedicel) short, slender, usually not exserted.
Cavity rather large, acute or slightly acuminate, varying sometimes to rather obtuse, deep, broad, often furrowed, sometimes lipped, sometimes russeted and with outspreading russet rays.
Calyx medium to large, open; lobes reflexed, rather broad, obtuse, separated at the base.
Basin small and shallow to rather broad, deep and abrupt, sometimes compressed, wrinkled.
Skin smooth, somewhat glossy, attractive bright yellow often with a faint orange or pinkish blush.
Dots whitish, submerged, sometimes russet or areolar with russet point.
Calyx tube short, rather wide above, cone-shape or approaching truncate funnel-form.
Stamens basal or nearly so.
Core small, usually axile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping.
Carpels broadly roundish, approaching elliptical, but slightly colored, rather small, very plump, obtuse.
Seeds numerous, light colored, rather small, very plump, obtuse.
Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, firm, firm, tender, crisp, moderately juicy, mild subacid becoming mildly sweet, good.
Season [late September or October to January]
TREE.
Tree medium in size.
Form at first upright spreading but eventually roundish.
Twigs moderately long, curved, slender; internodes long.
Bark dark brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent.
Lenticels scattering, small to medium, oblong, not raised.
Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
[Flowering: Seven days before 'Cox Orange' and with 'Irish Peach' and 'Lord Suffield' (50).]
FRUIT
Fruit medium to large, averaging above medium, uniform in size and shape. [7.6 cm in diameter x 6.8 cm high (50).]
Form roundish oblate to oblate, regular, symmetrical.
Stem (Pedicel) short to sometimes medium, moderately slender.
Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually partly covered with greenish-russet.
Calyx medium to rather large, usually closed; lobes rather broad, acute.
Basin moderately deep to deep, wide, abrupt, smooth or with small mammiform protuberances.
Skin moderately thick, tender, smooth, pale greenish-yellow or pale yellow, almost covered with irregular splashes and stripes of bright red mottled and shaded with crimson.
Dots scattering, small, light colored.
Prevailing effect red striped; attractive.
Calyx tube moderately long, rather wide, funnel-shape with broad truncate cylinder or approaching urn-shape.
Stamens median.
Core medium to rather large, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open; core lines clasping.
Carpels broadly ovate, slightly emarginate.
Seeds medium to rather large, wide, obtuse to acute, moderately plump, dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, good to very good for culinary purposes. It has too much acidity for a good dessert apple.
Season August and September.
OLIVE
REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1869:204. 2. Beach and Clark, N.Y. Sta. Bul. 248:136. 1904. 3. Ragan, U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 56:219. 1905.
A small red apple, rather attractive in color. Unworthy of consideration by New York fruit growers. The tree comes into bearing young and is productive being a reliable annual cropper. The fruit hangs well to the tree.
This is not the Olive of Coxe, (Coxe, 1817: 166.) neither is it the Olive from Vermont noticed by Downing (1) and described in 1860 in Gardeners Monthly (3).
Historical. Originated in Wake county, North Carolina (1). It is there a fall apple but as grown at this Station its season extends to midwinter and
often a considerable portion of the fruit remains sound till April or later.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form roundish, or upright spreading, rather
dense. Twigs short to above medium, slender, straight but geniculate; internodes long to medium. Bark clear brown with reddish tinge, lightly streaked
with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels rather conspicuous,
quite numerous, small to above medium, oval or elongated, usually not raised.
Buds deeply set in bark, small, plump, obtuse, appressed, not pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit small to nearly medium, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form
roundish inclined to conic, varying to obovate, obscurely ribbed, fairly symmetrical. Stem short to above medium. Cavity rather small, acute to acuminate, moderately deep, rather narrow, usually russeted, often somewhat furrowed, often lipped. Calyx medium or above, usually open; lobes often leafy.
Basin abrupt, moderately shallow, moderately narrow to rather wide, often
somewhat furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thick, tough, entirely covered with bright, deep, dark red or mottled
with red and striped with carmine over a deep yellow ground color, sometimes marked with broken stripes of grayish scarf-skin. Dots numerous,
pale, often large, areolar and conspicuous.
Calyx tube short, conical or urn-shape with fleshy pistil point projecting
into the base, or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical and open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, slightly emarginate if at all, mucronate. Seeds brownish-black, small, rather short, wide, plump, obtuse.
Flesh deeply tinged with yellow, moderately coarse, rather crisp, somewhat tough, juicy, rich, mild subacid or nearly sweet, distinctly aromatic, fair to good in quality.
OLIVER
REFERENCES. 1. Ark. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1893. 2. Heiges, U.S. Pom. Rpt. 1895:33. 3. Rural N.Y., 54:843. 1805. fig. 4. Gard. and For., 8:520. 1895.
5. Thomas, 1897:268. 6. Van Deman, Amer. Gard., 19:823. 1898. 7. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bul., 49:16. 1808. fig. 8. Beach, Amer. Gard., 20:124, 166. 1899. 9. Ib., W.N.Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1899:90, 138. 10. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bul., 60:130. 1899. 11. Brackett, Amer. Gard., 22:191. 1901. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 143. fig. 13. Powell and Fulton, U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 48:51. 1903. [14. Burford, Tom. 2013. Apples of North America. ISBN 978-1-60469-249-5. p. 132. 15. Big Horse Creek Farm]
Synonyms. Oliver (2). Oliver's Red (6, 7, 10, 11, 12). SENATOR (2, 4, 5). Senator (6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13). All-Over-Red (15).
An attractive dark red apple of good size and good quality. It is of desirable shape, smooth and pretty uniform. It appears to
coincide pretty closely with Baldwin in season, but it may not keep
quite so late. Its commercial season in ordinary storage appears
to be December to midwinter; in cold storage it extends to March
or April. Among the varieties which have been introduced from
Arkansas and Missouri this appears to be one of the most promising
for the New York fruit grower, but as yet it has not been sufficiently
tested to determine its value in this region. It is doubtful whether
it can always be properly ripened in the northern portion of the
Baldwin apple belt, but in the southern portion it appears to be more
promising. The tree is evidently hardy in Western New York. It
is healthy, vigorous, comes into bearing young, is productive and
gives promise of being an annual or nearly annual bearer. The
fruit hangs well to the tree, and there is little loss from drops or
culls.
Historical. This variety has been propagated since about 1873 in Northwestern Arkansas where it has been known as Oliver Red or Oliver. It is
supposed to have originated in that region (7, 11). It has been disseminated
from the Stark Nurseries, Louisiana, Mo., under the name Senator.
TREE.
Tree medium in size, very vigorous; branches long, rather stocky. Form
roundish or somewhat spreading; top open. Twigs stocky, medium in length
and thickness; internodes medium in length. Bark dull brown and olive-green, pubescent. Lenticels numerous, large, mostly long, conspicuous, raised.
Buds large, appressed, broad, obtuse, pubescent. Leaves medium or often
large, long and rather broad, thick, dark green; foliage rather dense.
[Diseases: Susceptible to fireblight, crown gall and sunscald. Moderately resistant to scab, powdery mildew and cedar apple rust (14).]
FRUIT
Fruit large or above medium, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form
roundish or somewhat oblate, pretty symmetrical, regular or somewhat elliptical or obscurely angular; sides sometimes unequal. Stem short to moderately long, medium in thickness. Cavity medium to rather large, acute to
decidedly acuminate, deep, moderately broad to rather narrow, regular, smooth
and green or partly covered with greenish-russet, sometimes with outspreading
russet rays. Calyx medium to rather large, usually somewhat open; lobes
often separated at the base, short, broad, obtuse, erect or somewhat reflexed.
Basin large, usually saucer-shape, wide and abrupt, sometimes moderately
shallow and rather obtuse, somewhat wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin, tough, somewhat waxy, smooth or slightly roughened
with large russet dots, green or bright yellow, mottled and striped with red
or nearly covered with bright deep red and splashed with purplish-carmine. Dots conspicuous, numerous, gray or russet, rather large, often somewhat
elongated or irregular about the cavity.
Calyx tube obtusely cone-shaped, rarely somewhat funnel-form. Stamens
below median to basal.
Core distant, rather small, axile or nearly so; cells closed or slit; core lines
meeting or when the calyx tube is funnel-form clasping the funnel cylinder.
Carpels roundish or somewhat elongated, narrowing toward the base and apex,
emarginate, mucronate, smooth or nearly so. Seeds irregular, large, numerous, completely filling the cells, moderately long, wide, obtuse, or sometimes
acute, dark brown.
Flesh whitish with tinge of yellow or green, moderately fine and crisp, rather
tender, breaking, juicy, somewhat sprightly subacid eventually approaching
sweet, good or possibly very good.
Season December to March or April. [A good keeper, even when grown as far south as Virginia (14).]
OLYMPIA
This strain of the Baldwin was discovered growing among some Baldwin trees in a small orchard of Mr. William Shincke, Olympia,
Washington. The trees grow like the Baldwin and appear to have
the general characteristics of the Baldwin, except that the twigs of
one season's growth as compared with Baldwin twigs have darker
bark with less red and more brown or olive-brown color. Other minor differences have been observed, such as shorter internodes,
heavier scarf-skin, less conspicuous lenticels and more abundant
pubescence-on bark and buds. We have not had opportunity to determine whether these minor differences are constant.
The fruit, so far as we are able to judge from the rather limited quantities which we have had the privilege of examining, averages
distinctly larger than Baldwin fruit grown in the same locality, and
is clearly superior in color, both the red and the yellow tones being more brilliant. A very careful comparison of the fruit of Olympia with that of Baldwin discloses no constant differences in structural characters. For a technical description of the fruit aside from size and color, the reader is therefore referred to the description of Baldwin on page 59.
Olympia is best known in the vicinity of Olympia and is there regarded as a valuable acquisition. It is attracting favorable attention also throughout the apple-growing districts of the state of Washington. The fact that it is regarded so highly in a region where the Baldwin succeeds well is a good indication that it may succeed equally well in the Baldwin districts of New York. It is therefore recommended as worthy of extended trial by New York fruit growers.
Historical. The following account of this strain of the Baldwin apple has
been obtained from correspondence with W. W. Whidden, George Langridge
and William Shincke of Olympia, Washington. The original tree from which
Olympia was propagated was set forty years or more ago on the place of
William Shincke, Sr., in Olympia, Washington. It was evidently planted for
a Baldwin as it stood with other Baldwin trees. The fruit was at first sold
as Baldwin but Mr. Shincke noticed that it was larger and better colored than
that of the common Baldwin. Mr. George Langridge was supplied with scions
from this tree and when this stock came into bearing with Mr. Langridge it
was found that the fruit from these trees, like that of the original tree from
which the scions were taken, was larger and better colored than the fruit of
the ordinary Baldwin. About 1890 it was first propagated for sale but under
different names, Finally the County Horticultural Society named it Olympia.
FRUIT.OPALESCENT.
REFERENCES. 1. Rural N.Y., 58:224. 1899. 2. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1901. (cited by 4). 3. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1903:12, 4. Ragan, U.S.B.P.I. Bul. 56:220. 1905. [5. Burford, Tom. 2013. Apples of North America. ISBN 978-1-60469-249-5. p. 133.]
When well grown Opalescent is a very attractive apple, being
large, shapely, clear yellow, nearly or quite covered with brilliant
red, in highly colored specimens becoming deep purplish-red. It
has not been tested in New York sufficiently to show whether it may
be considered a promising variety for this region. It does not
appear to be as good a keeper as Baldwin.
Historical. Introduced about 1890 by McNary and Gaines, Xenia, Ohio.
TREE.
Tree vigorous. Form roundish, open. Twigs long to medium in length,
erect, slender to moderately stout, curved or irregularly crooked; internodes
short to above medium. Bark dark dull reddish-brown mingled with some
olive-green and covered with a heavy coat of mottled scarf-skin, pubescent.
Lenticels rather inconspicuous, scattering, medium in size, roundish, sometimes raised. Buds prominent, large to below medium, broad, plump, obtuse to somewhat acute, free or nearly so, pubescent.
[Diseases: Very susceptible to fireblight (5).]
Fruit.
Fruit large to very large. Form roundish conic, symmetrical or sometimes
with sides unequal, obscurely ribbed. Stem short to medium, moderately
slender. Cavity pretty large, acuminate, very deep, sometimes partly russeted,
usually symmetrical but sometimes compressed. Calyx below medium or
small, usually partly open; lobes small, obtuse to acute, reflexed. Basin small
to medium in size, often oblique with the brim decidedly prominent on one
side, narrow to moderately wide, moderately deep to deep, abrupt, sometimes
slightly furrowed.
Skin moderately thick, rather tough, glossy, takes a brilliant polish; color bright pale yellow nearly or quite overspread with dark deep red with scarcely perceptible streaks of purplish-carmine. Dots numerous, small to large, red, yellowish or russet, often submerged, frequently mingled with irregular lines and flecks of russet. Prevailing effect brilliant deep red.
Calyx tube medium to rather small, cone-shape or short funnel-form.
Stamens median to basal.
Core small to medium, abaxile; cells sometimes unsymmetrical, closed or open; core lines meeting or nearly meeting. Carpels smooth, roundish or
broadly obcordate. Seeds acute, medium in size, form and color.
Flesh distinctly tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately tender, a little
coarse, juicy or moderately juicy, agreeable mild subacid, aromatic, good to
very good. [Also useful for baking (5).
Keeping ability: Good. Skin becomes waxy in storage (5).]
ORNAMENT
REFERENCES, 1. Thompson, Cat. Hort. Soc. London, 1842:29. (cited by 2).
2. Leroy, 1873:520. fig. 3. Churchill, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:355. 1889. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:590. 1894. 5. Ib., 14:254. 1895. 6. Burrill and
McCluer, Ill. Sta. Bul., 45:334. 1896. 7. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:52. 1903.
SYNONYMS. ORNAMENT DE TABLE (4, 5, 6). Ornament de Table (7). ORNEMENT DE TABLE (2).
A rather attractive dessert apple of good form and fairly good color but hardly attractive enough for a good commercial variety. The flesh is tender,
juicy and mildly subacid or nearly sweet; good in quality but surpassed by
other dessert apples of its season. The tree comes into bearing rather young,
is a reliable annual cropper and productive or moderately productive. It does not appear to be worthy of the attention of the fruit growers of New York.
Historical. This is a European variety of uncertain origin (1, 2). It has been disseminated but sparingly in America.
TREE
Tree vigorous. Form roundish or spreading, rather dense. Twigs below
medium to short, straight, slender; internodes medium or below. Bark dark
brownish-red partly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels
scattering, small, oblong or roundish, sometimes raised. Buds rather prominent, medium or below, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, quite pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish inclined to conic or somewhat oblate, pretty regular and symmetrical. Stem
short, rather slender. Cavity medium to rather small, acuminate or nearly so,
rather deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, often partly russeted. Calyx medium in size, usually open, pubescent; lobes long, acute, separated at the
base, reflexed. Basin often somewhat oblique, shallow and obtuse to moderately deep and somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, clear yellow or greenish washed and mottled with dull red or orange-red and sparingly marked with narrow stripes of
carmine. Dots numerous, small, gray or russet, not very conspicuous. Prevailing effect red and yellow, the red usually predominating.
Calyx tube short funnel-form with moderately broad limb. Stamens below
median to above.
Core medium or below, axile or nearly so; cells usually closed; core lines
clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels broadly roundish, obtusely emarginate,
mucronate. Seeds few, dark, medium or above, wide, rather obtuse, often
slightly tufted.
Flesh whitish with slight yellow tinge, firm, fine-grained, tender, moderately
juicy, pleasant, mild subacid becoming nearly sweet, good.
Season October to February or March.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous.
Form spreading or roundish, open.
Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium.
Bark dark brown tinged with gree, heavily streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips.
Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, raised, rather conspicuous.
Buds prominent, large, long, plump, obtuse, free.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, pretty uniform in size and shape.
Form roundish to somewhat ovate or oblong, somewhat conical, a little angular.
Stem (Pedicel) characteristically long, often curved, twisted or irregularly enlarged or inserted under a fleshy protuberance.
Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, shallow to moderately deep, medium in width to narrow, partly covered with light greenish-russet, often lipped.
Calyx closed or open, rather large, leafy; lobes rather broad, acute to obtuse.
Basin characteristically irregular, medium in width and depth, abrupt, sharply ridged and wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin, rather tough, smooth, pale waxen-yellow sometimes with a faint reddish shade.
Dots very numerous, small, submerged, often areolar.
Calyx tube medium to large, rather wide, conical to peculiarly funnel-form, with broad truncate cylinder.
Stamens basal to median.
Core medium size, axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting.
Carpels roundish to broadly ovate, emarginate.
Seeds medium brown, large, wide, rather flat, obtuse to acute.
Flesh yellowish-white, firm, rather fine, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good.
Season late fall and early winter.
PALMER
REFERENCES. 1. Ragan, U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 56:224. 1905.
Synonym. PALMER OF N. Z.
A New Zealand apple received in 1897 for testing here from G. B. Brackett,
U. S. Pomologist, Washington, D. C.. The fruit is large or above medium,
rather attractive in appearance for a yellow apple, brisk subacid in flavor and
good in quality.
TREE.
Tree vigorous with long, moderately stout branches. Form roundish,
rather dense. Twigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark
dull brown, tinged with green, heavily streaked with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds large, broad, plump,
obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to above or sometimes large. Form roundish varying to
roundish oblate or to slightly oblong, irregular. Stem long, moderately thick.
Cavity acuminate, deep, rather broad, sometimes faintly russeted, not symmetrical. Calyx open or nearly so, rather large. Basin deep, wide, abrupt,
slightly wrinkled.
Skin rather attractive yellow or greenish-yellow. Dots conspicuous, large and small, russet, sometimes areolar.
Calyx tube long, moderately wide to wide, funnel-shape or urn-shape.
Stamens marginal.
Core large, abaxile; cells symmetrical, open; core lines slightly clasping.
Carpels broadly roundish varying from somewhat elliptical to slightly cordate, tufted. Seeds large, moderately narrow, plump, acute, rather dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow or greenish-yellow, moderately coarse, rather tender, breaking, juicy, sprightly, brisk subacid, good.
Season winter.
FRUIT.
Fruit large.
Form oblong conic, ribbed or scalloped.
Stem (Pedicel) long, slender.
Cavity remarkably deep.
Calyx closed or partly open.
Basin rather shallow to deep, distinctly furrowed, the furrows often extending to the cavity.
Skin bright yellow, blushed and more than half covered with crimson, splashed, blotched and dotted with darker red.
Prevailing effect attractive red and yellow.
Core large.
Flesh yellowish, crisp, firm, tender, juicy, very aromatic, subacid, very good.
Season October and early winter. [Only a fair keeper when grown in Virginia (8).]
PARK SPICE
REFERENCES. 1. Carpenter, Horticulturist, 19:114. 1864. figs. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1867. (cited by 5). 3. Downing, 1869:298. 4. Thomas, 1897:648. 5. Ragan, U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 56:225. 1905.
Synonyms. Park (5). Park Apple (3, 4,5). Park Spice (5).
As described by Carpenter, Downing and Thomas (1, 3, 4) the fruit of
the Park Spice apple is medium to rather large, yellowish shaded with red
and striped with crimson; the flesh is yellowish-white, fine-grained, crisp,
juicy, mild subacid, pleasantly aromatic, very good in quality; in season from
December to March.
Historical. Originated on the Park farm in Harrison, Westchester county,
New York. In 1864 Carpenter stated that the original tree, then supposed to
be over a hundred years old, was still vigorous and productive (1). So far
as we can learn the variety is now obsolete.
PARLIN
REFERENCES. 1. Heiges, U.S. Pom. Rpt., 1894:21. 2. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1899. (cited by 4). 3. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:97. 4. Ragan,
U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 56:225. 1905.
Synonym. Partin's Beauty (3). Parlin's Beauty (4).
An attractive red apple of pretty good quality for dessert but being mildly sweet in flavor is less suitable for culinary uses. It has not as yet been tested
sufficiently to determine its value for this region.
Historical. In 1894 the original tree over fifty years old was still standing
at Norridgewock, Maine, still vigorous, healthy and productive (1). The
variety has as yet been but little disseminated in New York.
TREE.
Tree not a strong grower, below medium size; branches rather short and
moderately stout. Form upright and somewhat spreading or roundish. Twigs
short, straight, moderately stout with large terminal buds; internodes long
to medium. Bark brown tinged with red, partly overlaid with rather thick
scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to small, roundish or elongated, raised but slightly if at all. Buds large to medium, prominent, broad, plump, acute, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform in size. Form rather variable,
roundish to oblate, often inclined to conic, more or less irregular, somewhat
angular; sides sometimes unequal. Stem medium or sometimes long, rather
slender. Cavity acute, usually deep, moderately wide or wide, often furrowed
or compressed, marked with yellowish-russet which sometimes extends beyond
the cavity, sometimes lipped. Calyx small, closed or partly open; lobes small,
narrow, reflexed. Basin rather small, deep, narrow to moderately wide, very
abrupt, nearly symmetrical or slightly furrowed, sometimes wrinkled.
Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, bright pale yellow blushed and mottled with pinkish-red and striped with darker red, highly colored specimens being
nearly overspread with bright red becoming on the exposed cheek nearly as
dark red as Jonathan or Gano, often irregularly veined with russet. Dots
usually small, yellowish or pale gray, sometimes large.
Calyx tube funnel-form.
Core medium to small, axile; cells closed or nearly so; core lines clasping
or meeting. Carpels smooth, wide at the middle, emarginate, often approaching obcordate. Seeds below medium or small, irregular, dark, obtuse.
Flesh whitish with yellow tinge, moderately firm, tender, moderately fine-grained, not crisp, moderately juicy, sweet or very mildly subacid, slightly
aromatic, good or sometimes very good.
Season October to midwinter or later.
TREE.
Tree medium size and moderately vigorous.
Form at first upright spreading but after bearing full crops it becomes roundish and somewhat drooping; dense.
Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short.
Bark brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips.
Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, round, not raised.
Buds medium to large, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT
PARSON.
REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 2. Craig, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1896:132.
Synonym. Parson's Sweet (1). Parson's Sweet (2).
A large, handsome, dark red, early winter apple of excellent flavor. It has
not been sufficiently tested in this vicinity to determine its value for this
region. Professor John Craig states that it resembles the Sweet Winesap but
is of much purer quality.
Historical. Said to have originated near Springfield, Mass., as a seedling
in one of the old orchards of that locality. Fowler Brothers brought the
stock to Geneva, New York, about 1880 where it was propagated for their own sales as it was known only locally in the vicinity of Springfield. Mr.
A. L. Root, of the Fonthill Nurseries, Welland, Ontario, who obtained the
variety from Fowler Brothers, sent scions of it to this Station for testing
in 1901.
TREE.
Tree vigorous with long, moderately stout branches. Form upright and
somewhat spreading or roundish, open. Twigs long, stout, slightly curved; internodes short. Bark very dark brown lightly streaked with scarf-skin,
pubescent. Lenticels numerous, medium in size, oblong, slightly raised, rather
conspicuous. Buds deeply set in bark, large, broad, flat, obtuse, appressed,
pubescent.
FRUIT.
The following is Craig's description of the fruit (2). "Large, roundish, oblique, conical. Skin moderately smooth; colour, yellow, nearly covered with rich dark red, marked with large white or russet-coloured dots marbled on the
shaded side. Cavity, deep, narrow, regular; stem half to three-quarters inch
long, deeply inserted, curved, slender. Basin large, slightly ribbed; calyx, large,
open. Flesh white, tender, flaky, fairly juicy, very sweet; core small. A large
handsome sweet early winter apple. One of the best of the class."
PAWPAW.
REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 13:149. 1858. 2. Warder, 1867:728. 3. Downing, 1869:299. 4. Thomas, 1875:508. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 1890:296. 6. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:42. 1903.
Synonyms. Ball Apple (3). Pawpaw Seedling (1). Rubicon (3, 5). Western Baldwin (3).
A late-keeping winter apple of medium size, attractive red color and
good quality. A hardy, moderate grower and regular bearer; must have
suitable soil and good culture (5). It is not recommended for planting
in this state.
Historical. Origin Paw Paw, Michigan (1, 3). It has long been cultivated in Michigan to a limited extent, but is practically unknown to New York fruit growers.
FRUIT.
Fruit large. Form roundish or somewhat oblong, inclined to conic, faintly ribbed; axis slightly oblique; sides unequal. Stem medium in length, moderately slender. Cavity acuminate, deep, rather broad, compressed, irregularly
russeted. Calyx medium in size, slightly open. Basin medium in depth and width, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled, compressed.
Skin smooth, rather glossy, yellow overspread and mottled with attractive red irregularly splashed and striped with carmine. Dots moderately numerous,
variable in size, russet or light colored, rather conspicuous, often areolar.
Prevailing color red.
Calyx tube short, conical.
Stamens basal.
Core medium in size, axile; cells closed or partly open; core lines meeting
or slightly clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, slightly emarginate, slightly
tufted. Seeds numerous, above medium size, rather wide, plump, acute, irregular, somewhat tufted, rather dark brown.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine-grained, rather tender, juicy,
subacid, good to very good.
Season December to June.
PAYNE.
REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 2. Wild, Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1902:203. 3. Stinson, Mo. Fr. Sta. Bul., 3:23. 1902. fig. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 146.
Synonyms. Payne's Keeper (1, 2, 3). Payne Late Keeper (4).
An attractive apple, valued in the Ozark region because of its excellent keeping qualities. It is somewhat deficient in size, good
in quality and nearly sweet. It is duller in color than Ben Davis,
but better in flavor and quality. It has not yet been sufficiently tested in New York to indicate its value for this region, but it is
probably not well suited to the conditions existing in this state.
Historical. Originated on the Payne farm near Everton, Missouri. It is supposed to have originated from seed brought from North Carolina about 1840.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above medium, sometimes rather large. Form
roundish conic, somewhat elliptical, ribbed very obscurely if at all. Stem
short, usually not exserted, rather slender. Cavity large, remarkably acuminate, very deep, often somewhat furrowed or compressed, usually covered with thin outspreading russet. Calyx small, closed or partly open; lobes often flat and convergent, sometimes separated at the base. Basin commonly very small to medium, often oblique.
Skin smooth, moderately thick, very tough, yellow or greenish washed and blushed with red and pencilled with narrow, obscure, carmine stripes, more
or less streaked over the base with thin, dull scarf-skin. Highly colored specimens are almost wholly covered with bright deep red. Dots scattering, moderately conspicuous, rather large, pale gray or whitish often with russet point.
Calyx tube small, funnel-form or nearly so. Stamens median to basal.
Core medium in size, slightly abaxile; cells often not quite uniform in size
but usually symmetrical, partly open or closed; core lines clasp the funnel
cylinder. Carpels tender, slightly tufted, ovate, mucronate, but slightly emarginate if at all. Seeds medium or above, wide, rather flat, obtuse, tufted,
often adhering to the carpels, rather dark.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, a little coarse, moderately juicy to somewhat dry, moderately tender, pleasant in flavor, mild subacid becoming nearly
sweet, good to very good.
Season January to June.
PEACH
REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1869:299. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 3. Burrill and McCluer, Ill. Sta. Bul., 45:335. 1806. 4. Beach and Clark, N.Y. Sta. Bul., 248:137. 1904.
Synonyms. Peach of Kentucky (3). Winter Peach (3).
Fruit white-skinned, often with delicate pink cheek overspread
with whitish bloom. In general appearance it is quite attractive,
but it does not always average good marketable size. It has a perfumed, subacid flesh of pretty good quality. The tree is long-lived
and a pretty reliable biennial cropper, but hardly as uniformly productive as is desirable in a commercial variety. Although it has
long been known in cultivation and is considered by some a profitable sort, generally speaking it has won but little recognition among
fruit growers. It is not recommended for general planting, but it may be valuable locally.
Historical. Origin unknown (1). It is but very little grown in New York.
TREE.
Tree medium in size, moderately vigorous to vigorous with moderately long,
slender, crooked branches. Form roundish or nearly upright, open. Twigs
medium to short, straight, moderately stout; internodes medium to short.
Bark brown or somewhat tinged with red, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous but not conspicuous, small, roundish or
elongated, not raised. Buds medium to small, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above. Form oblate varying to roundish, flat at base, inclined to conic, somewhat ribbed and often irregularly elliptical; sides
often unequal. Stem short to long, sometimes swollen. Cavity rather large,
acute, moderately deep, rather broad, furrowed, usually russeted. Calyx small
to above medium, closed or partly open. Basin small to medium, shallow to
moderately deep, narrow to moderately wide, abrupt to rather obtuse, sometimes furrowed, often wrinkled.
Skin moderately thin, rather tender, smooth, clear pale yellow or whitish, often with a faint blush sometimes deepening in part to pink, mottled about
the cavity with whitish scarf-skin and overspread with a white bloom which produces a delicate and beautiful effect. Dots numerous, whitish or areolar
with russet point, often submerged.
Calyx tube usually funnel-shape and rather narrow with wide limb, sometimes conical. Stamens basal.
Core medium or below medium in size, abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, sometimes open; core lines clasping or meeting. Carpels elliptical to somewhat obcordate, emarginate, smooth. Seeds few, above medium to rather small, wide, obtuse.
Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, very firm, moderately fine-grained, breaking, tender, very juicy, rather briskly subacid, perfumed, slightly astringent,
good or sometimes very good in quality.
Season December to May or June.
PEACH (MONTREAL)
REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:7. 2. Raynes, Ib., 1879:26. 3. Budd, Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:524. 4. Lyon, Mick. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:178. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1883:12. 6. Thomas, 1885:520. 7. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1885:99. 8. Ib., 1886-87:92. 9. Burnet, Can. Hort., 12:339. 1889. 10. Hamilton, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 15:26. 1890. 11. Bailey, An. Hort, 1892:246. 12. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt, 1893:133. 13. Hoskins, Am. Gard., 15:272. 1804. 14. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:82.
1902. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:147.
SYNONYMS. Canada Peach (14). Montreal Peach (3,14). Peach Apple of Montreal (13). Peach of Montreal (1,2,4-10,12,15). Pomme Peche (1).
Fruit predominantly yellow with some red; in form it somewhat resembles Porter being oval or conical.
It is salable in local markets but being easily bruised, it does not stand transportation well (2,3,6,13). The tree is hardy, thrifty and very productive.
According to Hoskins it is a very popular fall apple all through Northern New England and Eastern Canada. It has long been the leading market apple of its season, September, in Montreal and the
surrounding territory on both sides of the line. Its season does not extend far into October except by extra care but it forms a very good successor to
the Yellow Transparent which it resembles except for its blushed cheek (13).
This variety is but little known in New York. It cannot be expected to displace Oldenburg which is of the same season, more productive (10) and much better known.
Historical. Some writers state that this is a variety of French origin (1), but Hoskins considers this doubtful. He states: "Some its characters would indicate it to be a Russian
apple which has reached Canada via France, but this is only a conjecture." (13).
FRUIT. (1,6)
Fruit medium to small.
Form slightly conic, rather flat, angular and a little one-sided.
Stem (Pedicel) medium to long, slender, green, sometimes knobbed.
Cavity acute, deep, regular, brown.
Calyx small, closed.
Basin narrow, regular, wrinkled.
Skin smooth, pale yellow lightly covered with mixed striped red and beautifully splashed with crimson.
Flesh yellowish, very mellow, fine-grained, moderately juicy, rich, sweet, agreeable, very good or almost best.
Season September to November.
PEARMAIN
The term Pearmain, like the term Pippin, has been applied to very many different varieties of apples. In this country it is used now much less than it was formerly. Hogg states that it "signifies the Great Pear Apple. In olden times it was variously written Peare-maine or Peare-maine, being the Anglicised equivalent of Pyrus Magnus, just as Charlemagne is of Carolus Magnus. A Pearmain, therefore, ought to be a long or pear-shaped apple."
Among the varieties described in this volume with the term Pearmain appearing either in the accepted names or in synonyms are those listed below. Synonyms appear in italics.
Autumn Pearmain. See Winter Pearmain.
Blue Pearmain.
Cannon Pearmain.
Cogswell Pearmain. See Cogswell.
Green Winter Pearmain. See Winter Pearmain.
Great Pearmain. See Winter Pearmain.
Hollow Crown Pearmain. See Wine.
Hoopes Pearmain. See Greyhouse.
Large Striped Pearmain. See McAfee.
Large Striped Winter Pearmain. See McAfee.
Lop-sided Pearmain. See Greyhouse.
Old Pearmain. See Winter Pearmain.
Pearmain. See Winter Pearmain.
Pearmain Herefordshire. See Winter Pearmain.
Pryor's Pearmain. See Pryor.
Red Winter Pearmain. See page 279.
Red Winter Pearmain. See Westfield Seek-No-Further.
Russet Pearmain. See Hunt Russet.
Striped Winter Pearmain. See McAfee.
White Pearmain.
White Winter Pearmain. See White Pearmain.
Winter Pearmain.
Winter Pearmain. See McAfee.
Winter Pearmain, See Milam.
PECK PLEASANT
REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1832:50. 2. Bull, Mag. Hort., 6:172. 1840. 3. Downing, 1845:126. fig. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1846:411 app. 5. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:249. 1848. 6. Thomas, 1849:183. 7. Horticulturist, 4:344. 1849. 8. Cole, 1849:125. 9. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Rpt., 1849:355. fig. 10. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N.Y., 3:84. 1851. col. pl. and fig. 11. Elliott, 1854:97. fig. 12. Hooper, 1857:
69. 13. Mag. Hort., 26:101. 1860. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 15. Mag. Hort., 30:162. 1864. 16. Warder, 1867:641. fig. 17. Downing, 1869:301. 18. Fitz, 1872:168. 19. Barry, 1883:351. 20. Rural N.Y., 46:202. 1887. 21. Ib. 47:749. 1888. 22. Wickson, 1889:247. 23. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 296. 24. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 25. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 1893:133. 26. Taft, Mich. Sta. Bul., 105:109. 1894. 27. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul.., 130:135. 1901. 28. Van Deman, Rural N.Y., 60:37. 1901. 29. Budd-Hansen,1903:147. 30. Powell and Fulton, U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 48:52. 1903. 31. Beach and Clark, N.Y. Sta. Bul., 248:137. 1904. [32. Burford, Tom. 2013. Apples of North America. ISBN 978-1-60469-249-5. p. 137.]
Synonyms. Dutch Greening. Peck (26). Peck's PLEASANT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30). Waltz Apple (17). Watts Apple (12).
This variety evidently belongs in the same group with Green Newtown , Rhode Island Greening and Perry Russet. It is an old
favorite for home use in many parts of the state. It is more highly
esteemed for dessert than for culinary uses. The flesh is tender, pleasantly flavored and ranks very good to best in quality. The
color is good for a yellow apple, being at first predominantly green,
but as the fruit approaches full maturity it becomes waxen-yellow
with an orange or pinkish blush. The fruit very often scalds in
storage, but it is less apt to do so if placed in cold storage immediately after picking. Its season for home use extends from October to March. Ordinarily February is its commercial limit in Western New York, but in cold storage it may be held till April (31). The tree is somewhat subject to root-rot and canker and it is not considered as long-lived nor as healthy as either Baldwin or Rhode Island Greening. It has the reputation of being often a shy bearer. In some localities it may bear pretty regularly, but it is only occasionally that it gives full crops. The better grades of the fruit are of
good size and attractive appearance, but there is apt to be a rather
high percentage of loss from ill-shapen, undersized or otherwise
unmarketable fruit.
It is said to be known locally in some portions of the state under the name Dutch Greening.
Historical. In 1845 Downing expressed the opinion that Peck Pleasant originated in Rhode Island and stated that it had long been cultivated in that state and in Northern Connecticut (3). It has been pretty thoroughly disseminated throughout New York state but it is found chiefly in the older orchards and is now seldom or never planted. In 1890 Lyon (23) reported concerning the status of this variety in Michigan that it was generally and
deservedly popular, the fruit being beautiful and excellent, and the tree in
habit like Rhode Island Greening but less vigorous.
TREE.
Tree medium in size, moderately vigorous or a rather slow grower. Form
upright spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs medium to short, nearly
straight, moderately stout; internodes medium to short. Bark brown tinged
with red often mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin;
slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, small, oblong or roundish, not raised. Buds very deeply set in bark, medium to small, broad, plump,
obtuse to acute, appressed to nearly free, pubescent.
[Diseases: Moderately resistant to most major diseases (32).]
Fruit.
Fruit medium to sometimes large, somewhat variable in shape and size.
Form oblate to roundish, sometimes a little inclined to conic, often obscurely
ribbed or irregularly elliptical, sometimes with furrow on one side. Stem medium to short and usually thick or fleshy. Cavity variable, obtuse or sometimes acute, rather wide, shallow to deep, nearly symmetrical or a little furrowed, often lipped or compressed, sometimes partly russeted. Calyx pubescent, medium to rather large; lobes long, open or closed, sometimes distinctly
separated at the base, rather obtuse. Basin varies from broad to rather narrow,
from obtuse to abrupt, and from nearly symmetrical to irregular and furrowed
or wrinkled.
Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, green becoming bright waxen yellow with orange-red blush, sometimes partly deepening to pink. Dots numerous,
whitish and submerged or with russet point. Prevailing effect yellow.
Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens basal.
Core medium to rather small, abaxile to nearly axile; cells not uniformly
developed, usually closed or slit; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels
rather tender, broadly roundish, often nearly truncate, emarginate, mucronate.
Seeds numerous, rather dark, long, narrow, acute, below medium or above, sometimes slightly tufted.
Flesh yellowish, firm, tender, crisp, fine-grained, juicy, pleasant subacid, aromatic, very good to best. Toward the close of the season it becomes
inferior in quality although it may appear to be still in good condition. [Occasionally used for baking (32).
Keeping ability: Good, but as the appearance improves in storage, the flavor diminishes (32).]
PENNOCK
REFERENCES. 1. Coxe, 1817:145. fig. 2. Thacher, 1822:132. 3. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 4. Fessenden, 1828:131. 5. Cat. Hort. Soc. London, 1831:27. 6. Mag. Hort., 1:364. 1835. 7. Manning, Ib., 7:47. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845:125. 9. Kirtland, Horticulturist, 2:545. 1847. 10. Longworth, Ib., 3:395. 1848. 11. Phoenix, Ib., 4:470. 1849. 12. Thomas, 1849:170. 13. Cole, 1849:128. 14. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N.Y., 3:59. 1851. col. pl. 15. Elliott, 1854:176. 16. Hooper, 1857:68. 17. Horticulturist, 15:183. 1860. 18. Warder,
1867:449. 19. Downing, 1869:302. 20. Hogg, 1884:171. 21. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 22. Bailey, An. Hort. 1892:246.
Synonyms. Big Romanite (15, 16, 19). Gay's Romanite (19). Large Romanite (18, 16, 19). Neisley's Winter (15). Neisley's Winter Penick
(19). Pelican (19). Penick. Pennick. Pennock (8). Pennock's RED Winter (2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16). Pennock's Red Winter (12, 15, 18, 19, 20).
Phoenix (16). Pomme Roye (19, of some West, 15). Prolific Beauty (15,19). Red Ox (19). Red Pennock (15, 19). Romanite (18). Roman Knight (19).
A rather large, red winter apple, pretty uniform in size and shape and attractive in appearance, but only fair to good in quality. It is much subject to the trouble commonly known as "Baldwin Spot,"
for which no remedy is known. The tree is hardy, very long-lived
and a strong grower. It comes into bearing rather young and is a
reliable cropper, usually yielding heavy crops biennially and bearing
some fruit every year. Generally speaking it is not regarded with
favor as a commercial variety because the fruit ranks but second or
third rate in quality and, as above mentioned, is subject to the
"Baldwin Spot." It is not recommended for planting in New York.
Historical. This old variety has been long known among New York fruit
growers by the names Pennock, Pennick, Penick and Phoenix. The true Phoenix is a distinct variety which apparently has never been known among
New York fruit growers. Pennock is said to have been first cultivated by
Joseph Pennock, of Springfield township, Delaware county, Pennsylvania.
It was formerly grown to a considerable extent in Pennsylvania and New Jersey and was at one time popular in the Philadelphia market (1, 2). In
1867 Warder remarked that it was then universally cultivated in nearly all
parts of the country. In New York state it is found principally in old orchards
and is now seldom planted.
TREE.
Tree large or medium, often very vigorous. Form regular, symmetrical, upright spreading.
Fruit.
Fruit large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to oblate or slightly
oblong, often inclined to conic, sometimes obscurely ribbed or elliptical but
usually pretty regular; axis sometimes oblique. Stem short, moderately thick,
not exserted. Cavity medium in size, acute or approaching acuminate, moderately narrow to rather broad, deep, usually symmetrical, green or russeted,
sometimes with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to rather large, closed or partly open; lobes medium to long, acute, connivent or varying to
flat and convergent, pubescent. Basin medium in size, shallow to medium in depth, rather narrow to moderately wide, somewhat abrupt, sometimes
obtuse, often a little furrowed or slightly wrinkled.
Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, yellow or greenish washed and mottled
with red rather indistinctly striped with carmine and somewhat mottled and
streaked with thin scarf-skin. Well-colored specimens are almost wholly
covered with bright deep red. Dots numerous, conspicuous, large, gray or yellowish, often areolar with russet point.
Calyx tube rather large, moderately wide, usually conical, sometimes approaching truncate funnel-shape. Stamens basal to nearly median.
Core small, axile; cells uniformly developed, closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels ovate to roundish obcordate, emarginate, sometimes
tufted. Seeds medium to large, moderately narrow, rather long, plump, somewhat acute, rarely tufted.
Flesh yellowish, firm, somewhat coarse, rather crisp, tender, rather juicy, subacid to mild subacid or nearly sweet; flavor lacking in character; quality
fair to good.
Season December to April or May.
PERRY RUSSET
REFERENCES. 1. Willey, Horticulturist, 17:168. 1862. 2. Warder, 1867:468.
fig. 3. Downing, 1869:303. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Thomas, 1875:
509. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 7. Harris, U.S. Pom. Rpt.
1892:271. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 9. Hansen, S.D. Sta. Bul., 76:84.
1902. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903:149. 11. Beach and Clark, N.Y. Sta. Bul.
248:137. 1904.
Synonyms. Golden Russet (1, 3), but erroneously. Pineapple. Pineapple
Russet. Poughkeepsie Russet (1), but erroneously. Rhode Island Russet. Winter Russet (1).
This variety evidently belongs in the same group as Peck Pleasant, Rhode Island Greening and Green Newtown. The fruit is of good size, pretty uniform and fairly attractive in appearance
for a yellowish apple. It has a crisp, subacid flavor and easily ranks
good in quality for either dessert or culinary purposes. It is in
season from December to midwinter or later. Its commercial limit
in ordinary storage is November or December; in cold storage it
may be held till March. It does not stand heat well before going
into storage. In going down it often shrivels, becomes mealy and
goes down quickly. It varies greatly in keeping quality in different
seasons and in different localities, and is not regarded favorably for
storage purposes. The tree is very hardy, healthy, very long-lived
and a reliable cropper, giving good crops biennially or in some cases
almost annually. The fruit hangs well to the tree, being borne on
slender twigs. It is perhaps worthy of attention for planting in the
home orchard where very hardy varieties are particularly desired,
but is seldom regarded as a profitable commercial variety in New
York state.
Historical. This variety has long been cultivated locally in the vicinity of
Berwyn, Onondaga county, N. Y., where some trees of it nearly one hundred
years old are said to be still very productive. It has always been known there
under the name of Rhode Island Russet only (Letters, L. L. Woodford, 1904.) and not until 1904, when it was
identified by U. S. Pomologist Brackett, was it discovered that it was identical
with Perry Russet. The fact that long before it was known as Perry Russet it had the local name Rhode Island Russet indicates that it was probably
known in Rhode Island before it was introduced into New York.
Warder (2) publishes a description which was made from a specimen exhibited by Mr. Utters at a meeting of the Northwestern Fruit Growers in
1850. Willey (1), writing from Madison, Wisconsin, made the following Statement concerning it in 1862, " Perry Russet is a sort sent from the East
under various cognomens, as Winter Russet, Poughkeepsie Russet, Golden Russet, etc. It is universally hardy, succeeding in all locations, and much
esteemed everywhere. Tree good grower, forms a round even head; fruit large, fair and excellent; keeps well through the winter. Too many cannot
be had, as it is the best of all the Russets." We are also informed that it has
been known under the names Pineapple Russet and Pineapple (Report by F. Newhall and Sons, Chicago, Ill, 1904.). Downing, in 1869 stated that this variety "was many years since carried from Perry, Wyoming county, New York, to the West under the name of Golden Russet, but as it was entirely distinct from the true Golden Russet it soon became
known as Perry Russet."
TREE.
Tree medium to large or eventually very large. Form symmetrical, roundish
or spreading. Twigs medium to short, straight, slender; internodes medium.
Bark reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels scattering, very small, oval. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to nearly large, pretty uniform in size and shape.
Form roundish oblate to oblate conic, slightly ribbed. Stem often swollen at
base, short, thick or moderately so. Cavity very obtuse to acute, shallow to
medium in depth, broad, often thinly russeted and with outspreading russet rays, a little wavy and often rather strongly lipped. Calyx medium in size,
somewhat open; lobes often separated at the base, narrow, acute to acuminate.
Basin medium in depth to deep, medium to rather wide, abrupt, somewhat furrowed, not symmetrical, irregular.
Skin thick, tough, nearly smooth or roughened: more or less with russet, rather pale yellow with rather dull blush of bronze or brownish-red and sometimes with obscure dark reddish splashes. Dots very numerous, usually small, sometimes rather large, prominent, russet, irregular and mingled with russet
flecks or netted russet. Prevailing color yellowish.
Calyx tube rather wide, short, conical. Stamens median.
Core medium size, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping.
Carpels broadly ovate, tufted. Seeds medium, narrow, rather long, acute to
acuminate.
Flesh whitish a little tinged with yellow, medium to rather fine-grained, moderately tender or somewhat tough, juicy, with an agreeable subacid russet
flavor, sprightly, aromatic, good.
TREE.
Tree a fairly strong grower in the nursery; in the orchard it makes a moderately vigorous growth and eventually becomes rather large with moderately stout,
somewhat drooping branches.
Form upright spreading to roundish, open.
Twigs short, straight, slender, with large terminal buds; internodes medium.
Bark brown tinged with red, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips.
Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, not raised.
Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above, uniform in size and shape.
Form oblate or roundish oblate, a little inclined to conic, regular.
Stem (Pedicel) long to medium, sometimes short, slender.
Cavity acuminate, deep, medium to rather broad, compressed, lightly russeted or nearly smooth.
Calyx small, closed; lobes medium in length, rather broad, acute.
Basin deep to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, gently furrowed, sometimes compressed.
Skin thin, moderately tough, nearly smooth, clear pale yellow washed and mottled with bright red conspicuously striped and splashed with deep carmine.
Dots medium size, scattering brown, mingled with some that are whitish and submerged.
Prevailing effect red or striped red.
Calyx tube small, funnel-shape.
Stamens Stamens median to marginal.
Core medium to below, usually axile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping.
Carpels roundish, emarginate.
Seeds above medium to large, moderately wide, long, flat, moderately acute.
Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, sometimes stained with red, firm, medium-grained, tender, juicy, with a pleasant, mild subacid, somewhat aromatic flavor, good to very good.
Season September and October or later (14).
PEWAUKEE
REFERENCES. 1. Willey, Horticulturist, 1870. (cited by 2 and 20). 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1871:51. 3. Downing, 1872:26 app. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat.,
1875:12. 5. Barry, 1883:351. 6. Thomas, 1885:520. 7. Can. Hort., 14:130. 1891. 8. Ib., 14:260. 1891. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 10. Can. Hort., 17:69. 1894. 11. [b., 17:251. 1894. 12. Ib., 18:379. 1895. 13. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 1896:71. 14. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul. 61:31. 1897. 15. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:54. 1902, 16. Hansen, S.D. Sta. Bul., 76:85.
1902. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903:150. fig. 18. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:52. 1903. 19. Beach and Clark, N.Y. Sta. Bul., 248:137. 1904. 20. Ragan, U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 56:231. 1905.
Synonym. PEEWAUKEE (7, 10).
Fruit above medium to large; often it is poorly colored, being greenish striped with dull red. When well colored it is of fairly
good yellow color largely washed and mottled with red and splashed
with dark carmine. It is overspread with a heavy bluish bloom which produces a rather dull effect, but it becomes bright and glossy when polished. Its quality ranks fair to good for either culinary
or dessert uses.
Pewaukee varies much in keeping qualities in different seasons
(19). In ordinary storage its commercial limit varies from November to January, or under favorable conditions till February. The
rate of loss in the stored fruit is often high in November, then becomes lower till midwinter, after which it rises again. Its season
in cold storage is variously reported as extending from November
to February or March, or exceptionally to May (19).
This variety was produced by crossing Oldenburg with Northern Spy . As might be expected from its parentage, it is very hardy,
although it has not proven as hardy in the North and Northwest as was at first expected, being inferior to Wealthy in this respect
(16, 19).
Pewaukee makes a moderately vigorous root development in the
nursery, but in the orchard it becomes a good, strong grower and
succeeds well under ordinary care. Usually it is healthy and long-lived, but in some localities it is said to suffer from canker. The tree comes into bearing rather early and is a reliable cropper, bearing
biennially or almost annually and often yielding heavy crops. It is not generally considered a desirable variety for commercial planting
in New York, except in those portions of the state where hardiness
is a prime requisite, for in spite of its vigor, hardiness and productiveness it is usually found less profitable than standard commercial varieties because it is deficient in color and in quality and generally
is not very well known in market.
Historical. Originated by George P. Peffer, Pewaukee, Wisconsin, by crossing Oldenburg with Northern Spy . It was first brought to the notice of fruit growers about 1870 (1, 2, 3). It has been sparingly disseminated through this
state but has not been cultivated largely in any locality and its planting does not appear to be increasing.
TREE.
Tree vigorous or moderately vigorous, medium to large, with stout curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs long to below
medium, curved or irregularly bent, moderately stout; internodes long.
Bark clear dark reddish-brown lightly mottled and streaked with gray scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels conspicuous being of a clear light color, scattering, usually medium or below, elongated, not raised. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, much pubescent; the shoulder of the bud is
flattened so that it bulges slightly on the sides.
Fruit.
Fruit above medium, often large, fairly uniform in size but not in shape.
Form roundish oblate, sometimes approaching roundish ovate, characteristically
rounded toward the cavity, ribbed, more or less irregularly elliptical. Stem usually short, often fleshy and often inserted under a lip. Cavity varies from
moderately large to small, sometimes being scarcely at all developed, narrow to wide, very shallow to moderately deep, often furrowed and sometimes
thinly russeted. It is acuminate at the insertion of the stem but the outer portion is often moderately obtuse. Calyx below medium to large, partly
open or sometimes closed. Basin medium in depth and width, usually somewhat abrupt, wrinkled.
Skin smooth, moderately thin, rather tough, grass-green becoming yellow
washed and mottled with orange-red or red, striped and splashed with carmine, often covered with bloom. Dots moderately conspicuous, pale gray or
whitish, some being large, obscurely defined and areolar.
Calyx tube funnel-form varying to cone-shape. Stamens median to basal.
Core below medium to large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells irregularly developed, usually closed or slit; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels
obcordate, tufted. Seeds numerous, medium to large, rather long, moderately
narrow, acute, plump, tufted, light brown.
Flesh nearly white, moderately firm, slightly coarse, rather tender, very
juicy, subacid, slightly aromatic, fair to good.
Season variable; commonly November to April in Northern and Western New York.
PICKARD RESERVE
REFERENCES. 1. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1863. (cited by 9). 2. Warder, 1867:413. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:304. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 6. Burrill and McCluer, Ill. Sta. Bul., 45:335. 1806. 7. Thomas, 1897:648. 8. Sharpe, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:543. 9. Ragan, U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 56:232. 1905.
Synonyms. Picard (7). Picard's Reserve (7). Pickard (4). Pickard's Reserve (9).
A large, green or yellow fruit with reddish-bronze cheek which in highly
colored specimens becomes in part pinkish-red. It is evidently allied to the
Green Newtown group of apples. This is indicated by the elliptical form,
occasional oblique axis, truncate base, the color and markings of the skin,
particularly the outspreading russet rays about the cavity, the gray dots and
the brownish-pink blush; also by the texture, aroma and quality of the flesh.
Although inferior to Green Newtown in aroma and quality it is excellent in
both. It does not appear to show any marked resemblance to the group which
includes Ortley and Yellow Bellflower and it is strikingly different from this
group in its core characters.
As fruited at this Station the tree has not come into bearing very young
but with advancing maturity has proved a reliable bearer giving full crops in
alternate years. So far as we can learn it has not been sufficiently tested in New York to determine its value for this region either for the home or for
market purposes but so far as it has been tried it has proved desirable for
home use, and it appears worthy of trial for commercial planting where a
yellow fruit of this class is desired. Its culture in the Middle West is said
to have declined in recent years on account of the susceptibility of the variety
to the attacks of the apple scab. We have found no difficulty in protecting it
from this disease by the ordinary line of treatment with bordeaux mixture.
Historical. Originated in Park county, Indiana, from seed brought from North Carolina (2). Professor W. H. Ragan has kindly supplied the following statement concerning its history and habits of growth in Indiana. "It
originated with the late Wm. Pickard, of Park county, Ind., and about 40 miles from the place of my birth. Wm. Pickard was a Friend (Quaker) and
had a pioneer seedling orchard. By chance he had several fairly good varieties
and he boasted that he had as good fruit as those of his neighbors who had
cultivated varieties. To convince them of this fact he invited his friends to
a test of his varieties. To them he presented several varieties which in turn
were pronounced good, bad and worse. Finally he brought out his 'best,' that is in his own opinion, but only announced that this was the last. On
testing it they were all charmed with its high quality and it was suggested
that this was 'Pickard's Reserve,' it having been reserved until the last of
the feast.
"Your inquiry concerning its quality, and your mention in that connection
of Grimes Golden indicates that you know of its high character as a fruit. There is no mistake on this point, and yet I am hardly prepared to claim that
it is the equal of that fine variety. But it ranks 'very good' if not quite
'best.'
"The tree is upright and inclines to make splitting forks that are liable to
split down and thus destroy the tree. It is fruitful almost to a fault, and if
not overloaded, the fruit is of good size, averaging about with Yellow Newtown in this particular, which it somewhat resembles in appearance. Its flesh
is, however, much more tender and less acid than the Yellow Newtown. Its parentage is not certainly known, though it has been suggested that it may
have been from seed of 'Ortley.' It was one of the very first (along with the Ortley itself) to yield to the attack of the apple scab, when it first invaded our country, and hence its culture has been largely discontinued with us."
TREE.
Tree vigorous; branches long, moderately stout, liable to split at the forks.
Form upright spreading, open. Twigs moderately long, straight, rather stout; internodes medium to short. Bark dull brown tinged with red, heavily coated
with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels rather conspicuous, numerous, medium size, somewhat elongated, slightly raised. Buds medium to below
medium, broad, plump, obtuse to somewhat acute, free or nearly so, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit large, fairly uniform in shape and size. Form inclined to oblate,
rather irregularly elliptical, sometimes broadly or obscurely ribbed, often lopsided or with one side bulging; axis often oblique. Stem short, usually rather
slender. Cavity pretty large, acuminate, irregular, wide, very deep, often compressed and sometimes lipped, russeted and with very conspicuous, outspreading russet rays. Calyx small to medium, partly closed or sometimes open; lobes acuminate, reflexed. Basin small to medium, narrow to rather wide,
deep, rather abrupt, furrowed, slightly wrinkled.
Skin smooth or slightly roughened with russet dots, green changing to
yellow when fully ripe, often with faint streaks of brownish or pinkish blush.
Bright and rather attractive for a yellowish apple.
Dots russet and gray.
Calyx tube conical or approaching truncate funnel-form. Stamens median to basal.
Core small to medium, usually axile or nearly so; cells often not uniform in size but symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines meeting when the
calyx tube is cone-shape, clasping when it is funnel-form. Carpels elongated,
pointed ovate, smooth or nearly so. Seeds acute to slightly obtuse, long, medium size, brown, sometimes tufted.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid becoming mild subacid, somewhat aromatic, sprightly, very good.
Season in Western New York November to February or March.
PIFER.
REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:210. 1853. 2. Horticulturist, 8:342. 1853. 3. Warder, 1867:728. 4. Downing, 1869:304. 5. Burrill and McCluer, Ill. Sta. Bul., 45:336. 1806. 6. Powell and Fulton, U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 48:52. 1903. 7. Beach and Clark, N.Y. Sta. Bul., 248:138. 1904.
Synonyms. Pfeifer (4,7). PFEIFFER (1, 2, 3). PIPER (6).
A dull red fruit of medium size and fair quality. Its chief merit is that
it keeps fresh and firm till very late in the season. The tree does not come
into bearing very young but so far as tested here it appears to be a reliable
bearer yielding full crops biennially. Not recommended for planting in New
York.
Historical. Originated in Springfield township, Pennsylvania. Brought to the attention of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society in 1853 (1, 2). It
does not appear to be known among New York fruit growers.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, slender, curved branches.
Form upright to roundish, rather dense. Twigs medium in length to very short, straight or nearly so, slender, with large terminal buds; internodes
rather short. Bark clear reddish or olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small to very small, elongated, usually not raised. Buds rather small, plump, acute, appressed, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit below medium to above, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish
inclined to oblate, regular or sometimes obscurely ribbed, usually symmetrical;
sides sometimes unequal. Stem short to medium, rather slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, rather shallow to moderately deep, moderately broad, smooth and greenish or occasionally slightly russeted. Calyx small to medium,
closed or partly open; lobes long, recurved. Basin varies from moderately deep and abrupt to rather shallow and obtuse, rather narrow to moderately
wide, slightly furrowed or wrinkled.
Skin tough, leathery, smooth, dull greenish-yellow blushed with dull red,
becoming deep pinkish-red in highly colored specimens, with numerous narrow
stripes of dark carmine, and overspread with a thin bloom which gives a dull
effect. Dots small, gray.
Calyx tube long, very narrow below, funnel-shape. Stamens median to
basal.
Core medium in size, axile or nearly so; cells usually partly open; core lines
clasping. Carpels obcordate, emarginate. Seeds numerous, medium or above,
rather wide, plump, somewhat acute.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, hard, pretty coarse, somewhat crisp, not
tender, juicy, mild subacid, somewhat aromatic, fair or possibly good.
Season January to July.
PINE STUMP.
REFERENCES. 1. Berckmans, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1891:160. 2. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:201. 1897. 3. Massey, N.C.. Sta. Bul., 149:318. 1898.
As fruited at this Station this is a dull red apple hardly medium in size. It is in season from November to February. It originated in Granville county,
North Carolina. In that region it is in season from the middle of September to early winter and it is said to be a very showy fruit and an excellent market
apple of fine flavor and good quality (1, 3). It does not appear to be adapted
to New York conditions and is not recommended for planting in this state.
PIPPIN.
The word Pippin, from the old English word Pippin, a seed, or the French Pepin, a pip or kernel, formerly signified a seedling apple in distinction from a budded or grafted tree. Hogg remarks that, " Leonard Maseal, writing in 1572, says, 'Then shall you cover your seedes or pepins with fine erth so sifting al over them'; and "when the winter is past and gone, and that ye see your Pepins rise
and growe'; and again, 'When so euer ye doe replante or change your Pepin trees from place to place, in so remouing often the stocke the frute there of shall also change; but the frute which doth come of Graffing doth always kepe the forme and nature of the tree whereof he is taken'.
"It is evident from this last quotation that Pippin is synonymous with seedling, and is used to distinguish a tree raised directly from seed from one that has been raised from grafts or cuttings. The Golden Pippin, which, by the way, was raised in Sussex, where Mascal also was born, means simply Golden Seedling.
"But there was another meaning attached to the word. In Henry IV., Shallow says to Falstaff, 'Nay, you shall see mine orchard; where in an arbour we will eat a last year's pippin of my own
graffing.' And this is interpreted by what Sir Paul Neile says in his Discourse of Cider, written in the time of the Commonwealth,
wherein speaking of 'pippin cider,' he says, 'For by that name I shall generally call all sorts of cider that is made of apples good to eat raw,' and that is evidently the signification in the above
quotation from Shakespeare [I don't know if the original spelling of "Shakspeare" was a typo or the way they used to spell it. ―ASC].
"Coming to more modern times, we have the word kernel, which is the English equivalent of Pepin, also used to signify a seedling apple tree; as, for example, Ashmead's Kernel, the seedling raised by Dr. Ashmead, of Gloucester; Cook's Kernel, Knott's Kernel, and
many others."
In this country the term Pippin has been applied to very many
different varieties of apples. In Eastern and Southeastern New
York when this word is used alone it signifies either the Green Newtown or Yellow Newtown specifically, or the group of green or yellow skinned apples to which these belong, while in Central and
Western New York it refers to either the Fall Pippin specifically or to the group to which that variety belongs. In certain portions
of the Middle West it is understood as referring to Missouri Pippin.
FRUIT. (5,13, 14).
Fruit above medium.
Form round-ovate, slightly conic in some specimens.
Stem (Pedicel) stout, short.
Cavity shallow, narrow.
Calyx very small, closed.
Basin very narrow and shallow, slightly plaited.
Skin yellowish shaded with pale red and somewhat striped with brighter red.
Dots few, fine, gray.
Calyx tube long, very narrow, funnel-form.
Stamens extremely marginal touching the segments, a marked characteristic.
Core little above medium; cells open; core lines clasping.
Carpels cordate.
Seeds pale brown, short, plump, pointed.
Flesh of a greenish cast, firm, fine, breaking, juicy, brisk subacid, good.
Season October to January.
POMME GRISE
REFERENCES. 1. Forsyth, 1803:53. 2. Ronalds, 1831:32. 3. Manning, Mag. Hort., 7:51. 1841. 4. Cat. Hort. Soc. London, 1842. 5. Downing, 1845:124. 6. Thomas, 1849:184. 7. Cole, 1849:129. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 17:17. 1851.
fig. 9. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N.Y., 3:94. 1851. fig., col. pl. No. 77. 10. Elliott,
1854:99. 11. Hooper, 1857:70. 12. Downing, 1857:180. 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 14. Warder, 1867:469. fig. 15. (?) Leroy, 1873:684. figs. 16. Barry, 1883:352. 17. Hogg, 1884:179. 18. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 19. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 20. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:34. 1895. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:152. fig. 22. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta.
Bul., 248:138. 1904. 23. Big Horse Creek Farm.
Synonyms. (Bec de Lievre, 15)? (Belle Fille, 15)? (De Cuir, 15)? French Russet (22). Gray Apple (5, 6, 10, 12, 21). Grise (5, 8, 10, 12). Leather Apple of Turic (12). (Leder, 15)? (De Maroquin, 15)? (De Peau, 15)? Pomme de Cuir (12). POMME GREE (1). POMME GRIS (3, 9, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21). (Prager Reinette Franche de Grandville, 15)? (Reinette de Darnetal, 15)? (REINETTE GRISE, 15)? (Reinette Grise de Darnetal, 15)? (Reinette Grise Double, 15)? (Reinette Grise extra, 15)? (Reinette Grise Francaise, 15)? (Reinette Grise de Grandville, 15)? (Reinette Grise d'Hiver, 15)? (Reinette toute Grise, 15)? Leather Coat (23).
A little russet apple valued only because of its excellent dessert
quality. Its keeping quality varies much in different seasons. In
cold storage its season extends from December to February or
March, and in ordinary storage, from the middle of October to
January or possibly February. After midwinter it is apt to deteriorate in quality, although it may remain apparently in good condition till March or April. It has the reputation of developing
particularly fine flavor when grown in the St. Lawrence valley. In
New York it is seldom produced profitably in large quantities for
the general market, not being attractive enough in size and color to
command remunerative prices, but it is sometimes grown successfully to a limited extent for local or special trade. It is recommended for home use because of its juiciness and fine dessert quality.
The tree is hardy, healthy and moderately long-lived. In favorable
locations it is a pretty good bearer, the fruit hangs well to the tree
and is fairly uniform in size and appearance.
The Swazie is an apple of the Pomme Grise type. It is described on a subsequent page.
Historical. The Pomme Grise or fruit of this type has long been known in cultivation among the French in the vicinity of Montreal and in other portions
of the St. Lawrence valley. According to Forsyth (17) it was introduced into England from Canada. Possibly it is identical with the Reinette Grise
of Leroy (15) but we have not had the opportunity of determining this point
definitely. If it is in fact the Reinette Grise it has been cultivated in Europe for more than 250 years.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous. Form dense, roundish or spreading. Twigs
short, straight, rather slender with large terminal buds; internodes short to
medium.
Bark clear reddish-brown mingled with olive-green lightly streaked with gray scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels clear in color, quite numerous,
medium to small, generally elongated, slightly raised. Buds rather prominent,
medium in size, broad, plump, obtuse to acute, free, pubescent.
FRUIT
Fruit below medium to small, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form
oblate varying to roundish, sometimes inclined to conic, slightly ribbed, pretty
symmetrical. Stem usually slender, much pubescent, often bracted and streaked
with reddish-brown. Cavity pretty large, obtuse, deep, usually rather wide, often compressed or gently furrowed. Calyx small to medium, usually closed;
lobes long, narrow, acuminate, pubescent. Basin variable, pubescent, often
somewhat saucer-shaped, narrow to rather wide, moderately shallow, obtuse
to moderately abrupt, furrowed.
Skin moderately thick, rather tough, deep yellow or greenish partly or entirely covered with russet. In highly colored specimens the cheek is often
partly smooth and yellowish-brown mottled and striped with bright dark red.
Dots gray or whitish, scattering and usually inconspicuous.
Calyx tube cone-shape. Stamens basal or nearly so.
Core medium in size, slightly abaxile; cells symmetrical, usually closed or
partly so; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, narrowing toward the apex,
slightly emarginate, mucronate, smooth or slightly tufted. Seeds medium in
size, plump, irregular, moderately obtuse, slightly tufted.
Flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, moderately fine-grained, juicy, rich, subacid, aromatic, very good to best.
TREE.
Tree medium size, moderately vigorous with branches moderately stout, spreading and often drooping.
Form roundish.
Twigs straight, stocky, long; internodes medium.
Bark rather bright reddish-brown mingled with olive-green, thinly overlaid with narrow streaks of gray scarf-skin.
Lenticels rather numerous, conspicuous, medium to sometimes large, roundish or sometimes elongated.
Buds medium to large, broad, obtuse, appressed, somewhat pubescent.
Leaves rather large, broad, dark green; base of petioles red.
FRUIT
Fruit medium to very large, fairly uniform in size [inconsistent- ASC] but not in shape.
Form oblate conic, very irregular, ribbed; sides usually unequal.
Stem (Pedicel) usually short, moderately thick.
Cavity large, acuminate to acute, deep, broad, rather symmetrical or sometimes compressed, irregularly russeted.
Calyx medium size, open or nearly closed; lobes separated at base, short, rather broad, obtuse to acute, reflexed.
Basin deep, medium in width to rather wide, abrupt, smooth or ridged, slightly wrinkled.
Skin thin, rather tender, waxy, smooth, greenish-yellow or pale yellow partly blushed with crimson, and mottled and narrowly striped with carmine.
Dots scattering, small, inconspicuous, usually whitish and submerged, sometimes gray or russet.
Calyx tube wide, conical, sometimes extending to the core.
Stamens median to nearly marginal.
Core medium to small, somewhat abaxile; cells open or closed, symmetrical; core lines clasping.
Carpels ovate to broadly roundish or elliptical, emarginate.
Seeds medium to small, wide, short, very plump, flat, obtuse, dark brown.
Flesh whitish, not very firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly, good to very good for culinary use.
Season September and October.
[Not to be confused with the fine hobbyist publication about fruit and fruit-growing published by the North American Fruit Explorers (NAFEX). -ASC]
PRIESTLY
REFERENCES. 1. Coxe, 1817:146. fig. 2. Thacher, 1822:132. 3. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 4. Wilson, 1828:136. 5. Kenrick, 1832:51. 6. Downing, 1845:126. 7. Horticulturist, 2:483. 1848. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:72. 1851. 9. Elliott, 1854:176. 10. Hooper, 1857:72. 11. Warder, 1867:720. [12. Big Horse Creek Farm.]
Synonyms. PRIESTLEY (3, 5, 10). Priestley's American (6,9). Red Cathead (9). [Bartlett (12).]
Fruit medium to large, blushed or faintly striped with red. Although it ranks only fair to good in quality it is an agreeable dessert apple especially
in the spring when it is fresh, juicy and mildly subacid. It is less desirable
for culinary uses because it Jacks acidity. The tree is a pretty vigorous grower,
hardy, healthy, long-lived and commonly bears good crops annually. The fruit hangs well to the tree. It is surpassed by standard varieties of its season
and is not recommended for planting.
The following is Coxe's description of this variety: "This apple is said
to be a native of the county of Bucks in Pennsylvania, where it was first cultivated by a person from whom it has obtained its name. The tree has a handsome, upright form, vigorous growth, and large leaves; it is well suited to light soils—the fruit is large, of an oblong form—the skin smooth, the colour usually a dull red, streaked faintly with green, with spots of the same colour;
the flesh is white, has a pleasant spicy taste—it is an excellent table and kitchen
apple; hangs late on the tree; is an abundant bearer, and makes good cider
late in the season, but not of the first quality."
FRUIT.
Fruit large to medium. Form roundish oblate to roundish oblong, usually
quite regular and symmetrical. Stem long, usually rather slender. Cavity
acute to acuminate, moderately deep to very deep, broad, russeted and with
outspreading russet rays, sometimes faintly furrowed. Calyx large, usually
closed, sometimes partly open; lobes connivent, erect or reflexed, broad, acute.
Basin very shallow to moderately deep, wide, obtuse or somewhat abrupt, distinctly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin tough, smooth, green or yellow washed and blushed with red and inconspicuously striped with dark carmine; highly colored specimens are nearly
covered with deep red. Dots rather numerous toward basin, larger and more
scattering toward cavity, gray or russet.
Calyx tube rather wide, conical. Stamens median or below.
Core medium to small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines meeting
or clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate. Seeds large, wide, flat, obtuse to
somewhat acute, very dark brown.
Flesh yellowish, firm, rather coarse, crisp, juicy, agreeable mild subacid,
somewhat aromatic, medium to good in quality.
Season December to April.
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous.
Form upright spreading to roundish, open.
Twigs long, curved, stout; internodes short.
Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent.
Lenticels scattering, medium size, round, not raised.
Buds medium size, broad, flat, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium or above.
Form roundish oblate, somewhat irregular.
Stem (Pedicel) medium size.
Cavity deep, acute to acuminate, ribbed, russeted and with some outspreading russet rays.
Calyx closed.
Basin shallow, wide, wrinkled.
Flesh white, crisp, fine-grained, mildly sweet, good.
Season late August, September and October.
PRYOR
REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1832:59. 2. Mag. Hort., 10:207. 1844. 3. Byram, Horticulturist, 2:18. 1847. 4. Rice, Ib., 4:289. 1849. 5. Phoenix, Ib., 4:471. 1849. 6. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N.Y., 3:67. 1851. 7. Horticulturist, 6:181. 1851. 8. Mag. Hort., 19:242. 1853. 9. Elliott, 1854:99. fig. 10. Downing, 1857:96. 11. Hooper, 1857:72. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1860. 13. Downing, Horticulturist, 16:42. 1861. 14. Mag. Hort., 30:162. 1864. 15. Warder, 1867: 627. fig. 16. Fitz, 1872:143, 149, 172. 17. Leroy, 1873:780. fig. 18. Barry, 1883:352. 19. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 20. Clayton, Ala. Sta. Bul., 47:8. 1893. 21. Powell and Fulton, U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 48:52. 1903. 22. Bruner, N.C.. Sta. Bul., 182:21. 1903. 23. Budd-Hansen, 1903:155. fig. 24. Ragan,
U.S.B.P.I. Bul., 56:244. 1905.
Synonyms. Bersford (24). Big Hill (9, 10, 17, 24). Bonford (24). Conford (24). Pitzer Hill (9, 10, 17, 24). Prior's Red (10). Prior's Red (3,9, 24). Prior's Late Red (24). Pryor's Pearmain (24). Pryor's Rep (1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19). Pryor Rep (23). Pryor Red (17, 24). Red Russet (of some 24). Rouge de Pryor (17).
A southern apple of good size and rich subacid flavor; in season from December to February. Although it has long been known in cultivation it is seldom found in New York orchards, which is evidence that it is not well adapted to this region (13).
Historical. This is said to have originated in Virginia (4, 12). Hooper
remarks that "it varies much in its appearance, being sometimes green
russeted, then sometimes dull orange-russet with a trace of red, and again
deeply red or striped, and sometimes almost black with depth of color" (11).
Warder (15) remarks "it is singularly affected by change of soil and climate;
thus, on the Ohio River, it is seen quite flat and regular, with a dull green russeted skin, becoming yellow and ruddy; in one part of the state of Indiana,
on limestone, it is gibbous, round, often very large, and covered with a rich
cinnamon russet, while on the coal measures, west of the center of the state, it
is smaller, regular, and distinctly striped deep red on red, with very little
russet. Specimens from Rochester, New York, have been shown with scarcely
a trace of russet, and having the stripes as distinct and almost as beautiful
as those of a Dutchess of Oldenburgh, so that no southern or western man
would have recognized it for his home favorite. The distinctive leather-cracking about the eye was present, however, in all."
TREE.
The tree as described by Byram (3), Warder (15), Downing (10, 23),
Rice (4), and others attains large size and is productive when old, requiring
a deep, rich soil and a warm season or southern climate for its proper development. Form upright, somewhat spreading, twiggy; branches sometimes form
peculiarly acute angles. Twigs slender, clear reddish-brown with some olive-green. Lenticels large, conspicuous, gray. Foliage scattering, folded, grayish-green, subject to leaf-blight.
FRUIT.
The following description of the fruit is taken from Byram (3), Elliott (9), Downing (10), Hooper (11), and Warder (15).
Fruit medium to large. Form variable but usually roundish oblate; axis often oblique and sides unequal. Stem short, thick to moderately thick.
Cavity small, acute to acuminate, often lipped, russeted and with some outspreading brownish-russet. Calyx small, closed. Basin small, shallow,
regular.
Skin thick, greenish to brownish-yellow tinged with dull red, rather indistinctly striped with dark crimson, slightly russeted. Dots numerous, large, gray or greenish.
Core closed; core lines meeting. Seeds numerous, angular, acute.
Flesh yellowish-white, tender, fine-grained, juicy to rather dry, subacid, very good to best.
Season December to March.
TREE.
Tree large, vigorous or very vigorous.
Form at first upright, but eventually becoming roundish or spreading, open; branches long, stout, curved.
Twigs short, curved, stout; internodes long.
Bark dark reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent.
Lenticels quite numerous, oblong, slightly raised.
Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
[Diseases: Moderately resistant to the major diseases (Burford).]
FRUIT.
Fruit large, fairly uniform in size and shape.
Form oblate or somewhat inclined to conic, sometimes irregular, faintly ribbed, often compressed.
Stem (Pedicel) medium to short, moderately slender to thick.
Cavity acute to acuminate, usually deep, moderately broad to rather narrow, nearly smooth, sometimes slightly furrowed.
Calyx large, closed or slightly open; lobes long, narrow, acute to acuminate.
Basin small to medium, rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thick, rather tough, greenish or yellowish sometimes with bronze blush on exposed cheek, more or less covered with russet patches or netted veins of russet.
Dots large and small, scattering, usually russet, irregular.
Calyx tube short, wide, broadly conical to nearly urnshape.
Stamens median to basal.
Core above medium to below, abaxile; cells usually open, symmetrical but not uniformly developed; core lines slightly clasping.
Carpels broadly ovate, very slightly emarginate, sometimes tufted.
Seeds moderately light brown, rather large, wide, flat, acute.
Flesh greenish-white or yellowish, firm, rather coarse, tender, juicy, sweet, good. [Also useful for baking, apple butter and cider. This was the country's main baking apple before 'Rome Beauty' supplanted it (Burford) (undeservedly, in my opinion -ASC).]
Season September and October or in cold storage extending to January 1 (12). [Good keeper, even when grown as far south as Virginia (Burford).]
McCarty is identical with Pumpkin Sweet in general characters and is sold as Pumpkin Sweet, but it appears to differ enough from the type in certain characteristics to entitle it to recognition as a distinct strain. As compared with typical Pumpkin Sweet the fruit of McCarty averages smaller, is not so yellow and keeps longer. B.J. Case, Sodus, NY, who grows McCarty commercially, reports: "The tree does not produce any water-cored fruit except when the crop is light. It appears to be fully as productive as Pumpkin Sweet. In common storage it is not unusual to keep McCarty later than January. In quality it is not so good as Pumpkin Sweet. The origin of this type is unknown."
TREE.
Tree medium to large, vigorous, with long, moderately stout branches.
Form upright spreading or roundish, open.
Twigs medium to short, straight or nearly so, stout to moderately slender; internodes short to medium.
Bark reddish olive-green varying to brownish red, uniformly mottled with thin scarf-skin, pubescent.
Lenticels scattering, rather inconspicuous, small, roundish, not raised.
Buds medium or below, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.
FRUIT
Fruit large to very large, pretty uniform in size and shape.
Form globular to roundish conic, sometimes irregularly elliptical or prominently ribbed.
Stem (Pedicel) very short, stout, often inserted under a lip or having itself a fleshy protuberance.
Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow to rather deep, narrow to moderately wide, often somewhat furrowed or lipped, sometimes russeted and with outspreading russet.
Calyx medium to rather large, open; lobes often separated at the base, short, broad, acute.
Basin small to medium in size, moderately shallow to rather deep, narrow to moderately wide, abrupt to somewhat obtuse, often slightly furrowed or wrinkled.
Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, at first green but eventually clear yellow marbled with greenish-yellow. Stripes of whitish scarf-skin radiate from the cavity. Well colored specimens
occasionally show a brownish-red blush but never a distinct red color.
Dots conspicuous, whitish, often areolar with russet center.
Calyx tube rather wide, conical or elongated cone-shape or sometimes slightly funnel-form.
Stamens median to basal.
Core medium to rather large, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or somewhat open, not uniformly developed; core lines clasping.
Carpels thin, broadly roundish, but slightly emarginate if at all, often tufted.
Seeds medium to rather small, wide, plump, acute, light brown, tufted.
Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, medium in texture, crispness and juiciness, decidedly sweet with a peculiar flavor; good for culinary use and especially esteemed for baking. [Also useful for apple butter, frying, drying and Burford adds that it is sometimes eaten fresh.]
Season: October to January. [Ripens in the fall in Virginia and is a poor keeper as grown there and further south (Burford).]
[Notes from a Canadian grower can be found at the Orange Pippin website. For instance, it is a triploid, which suggests that
it cannot pollenize other cultivars.- ASC]
FRUIT.
Fruit Cole gave the following description of this fruit in 1849 (1): "Fruit large to very large; flattish-conical; ribbed; bright
yellow, seldom a brown cheek, stem short, in a deep cavity; calyx large, in a deep basin; flesh when first ripe, firm, juicy, pleasant acid, and first-rate for cooking.
When very mellow, remarkably tender, of a mild, rich, high quince flavor and aroma. When in perfection we have never seen its superior. July to September."
[Other notes gleaned from Burford: Ripens late summer in Virginia; only fair keeper; good for baking, frying and dessert.]
